"""
    pygments.lexers.perl
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Lexers for Perl, Raku and related languages.

    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2025 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
"""

import re

from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, ExtendedRegexLexer, include, bygroups, \
    using, this, default, words
from pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
    Number, Punctuation, Whitespace
from pygments.util import shebang_matches

__all__ = ['PerlLexer', 'Perl6Lexer']


class PerlLexer(RegexLexer):
    """
    For Perl source code.
    """

    name = 'Perl'
    url = 'https://www.perl.org'
    aliases = ['perl', 'pl']
    filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t', '*.perl']
    mimetypes = ['text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl']
    version_added = ''

    flags = re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
    # TODO: give this to a perl guy who knows how to parse perl...
    tokens = {
        'balanced-regex': [
            (r'/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'!(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\][egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\$(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\$])*\$[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
        ],
        'root': [
            (r'\A\#!.+?$', Comment.Hashbang),
            (r'\#.*?$', Comment.Single),
            (r'^=[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s+.*?\n=cut', Comment.Multiline),
            (words((
                'case', 'continue', 'do', 'else', 'elsif', 'for', 'foreach',
                'if', 'last', 'my', 'next', 'our', 'redo', 'reset', 'then',
                'unless', 'until', 'while', 'print', 'new', 'BEGIN',
                'CHECK', 'INIT', 'END', 'return'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Keyword),
            (r'(format)(\s+)(\w+)(\s*)(=)(\s*\n)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Whitespace, Name, Whitespace, Punctuation, Whitespace), 'format'),
            (r'(eq|lt|gt|le|ge|ne|not|and|or|cmp)\b', Operator.Word),
            # common delimiters
            (r's/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*',
                String.Regex),
            (r's!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r's\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r's@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*',
                String.Regex),
            (r's%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*',
                String.Regex),
            # balanced delimiters
            (r's\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r's<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r's\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\]\s*', String.Regex,
                'balanced-regex'),
            (r's\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)\s*', String.Regex,
                'balanced-regex'),

            (r'm?/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/\n])*/[gcimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r'm(?=[/!\\{<\[(@%$])', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r'((?<==~)|(?<=\())\s*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[gcimosx]*',
                String.Regex),
            (r'\s+', Whitespace),
            (words((
                'abs', 'accept', 'alarm', 'atan2', 'bind', 'binmode', 'bless', 'caller', 'chdir',
                'chmod', 'chomp', 'chop', 'chown', 'chr', 'chroot', 'close', 'closedir', 'connect',
                'continue', 'cos', 'crypt', 'dbmclose', 'dbmopen', 'defined', 'delete', 'die',
                'dump', 'each', 'endgrent', 'endhostent', 'endnetent', 'endprotoent',
                'endpwent', 'endservent', 'eof', 'eval', 'exec', 'exists', 'exit', 'exp', 'fcntl',
                'fileno', 'flock', 'fork', 'format', 'formline', 'getc', 'getgrent', 'getgrgid',
                'getgrnam', 'gethostbyaddr', 'gethostbyname', 'gethostent', 'getlogin',
                'getnetbyaddr', 'getnetbyname', 'getnetent', 'getpeername', 'getpgrp',
                'getppid', 'getpriority', 'getprotobyname', 'getprotobynumber',
                'getprotoent', 'getpwent', 'getpwnam', 'getpwuid', 'getservbyname',
                'getservbyport', 'getservent', 'getsockname', 'getsockopt', 'glob', 'gmtime',
                'goto', 'grep', 'hex', 'import', 'index', 'int', 'ioctl', 'join', 'keys', 'kill', 'last',
                'lc', 'lcfirst', 'length', 'link', 'listen', 'local', 'localtime', 'log', 'lstat',
                'map', 'mkdir', 'msgctl', 'msgget', 'msgrcv', 'msgsnd', 'my', 'next', 'oct', 'open',
                'opendir', 'ord', 'our', 'pack', 'pipe', 'pop', 'pos', 'printf',
                'prototype', 'push', 'quotemeta', 'rand', 'read', 'readdir',
                'readline', 'readlink', 'readpipe', 'recv', 'redo', 'ref', 'rename',
                'reverse', 'rewinddir', 'rindex', 'rmdir', 'scalar', 'seek', 'seekdir',
                'select', 'semctl', 'semget', 'semop', 'send', 'setgrent', 'sethostent', 'setnetent',
                'setpgrp', 'setpriority', 'setprotoent', 'setpwent', 'setservent',
                'setsockopt', 'shift', 'shmctl', 'shmget', 'shmread', 'shmwrite', 'shutdown',
                'sin', 'sleep', 'socket', 'socketpair', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'sprintf', 'sqrt',
                'srand', 'stat', 'study', 'substr', 'symlink', 'syscall', 'sysopen', 'sysread',
                'sysseek', 'system', 'syswrite', 'tell', 'telldir', 'tie', 'tied', 'time', 'times', 'tr',
                'truncate', 'uc', 'ucfirst', 'umask', 'undef', 'unlink', 'unpack', 'unshift', 'untie',
                'utime', 'values', 'vec', 'wait', 'waitpid', 'wantarray', 'warn', 'write'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Name.Builtin),
            (r'((__(DATA|DIE|WARN)__)|(STD(IN|OUT|ERR)))\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
            (r'(<<)([\'"]?)([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\2;?\n.*?\n)(\3)(\n)',
             bygroups(String, String, String.Delimiter, String, String.Delimiter, Whitespace)),
            (r'__END__', Comment.Preproc, 'end-part'),
            (r'\$\^[ADEFHILMOPSTWX]', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r"\$[\\\"\[\]'&`+*.,;=%~?@$!<>(^|/-](?!\w)", Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'[$@%#]+', Name.Variable, 'varname'),
            (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
            (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
            (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
            (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
             Number.Float),
            (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
            (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
            (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
            (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
            (r'`(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^`\\])*`', String.Backtick),
            (r'<([^\s>]+)>', String.Regex),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)([\W_])(.|\n)*?\2', String.Other),
            (r'(package)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Whitespace, Name.Namespace)),
            (r'(use|require|no)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Whitespace, Name.Namespace)),
            (r'(sub)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Whitespace), 'funcname'),
            (words((
                'no', 'package', 'require', 'use'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Keyword),
            (r'(\[\]|\*\*|::|<<|>>|>=|<=>|<=|={3}|!=|=~|'
             r'!~|&&?|\|\||\.{1,3})', Operator),
            (r'[-+/*%=<>&^|!\\~]=?', Operator),
            (r'[()\[\]:;,<>/?{}]', Punctuation),  # yes, there's no shortage
                                                  # of punctuation in Perl!
            (r'(?=\w)', Name, 'name'),
        ],
        'format': [
            (r'\.\n', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
            (r'[^\n]*\n', String.Interpol),
        ],
        'varname': [
            (r'\s+', Whitespace),
            (r'\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),    # hash syntax?
            (r'\)|,', Punctuation, '#pop'),  # argument specifier
            (r'\w+::', Name.Namespace),
            (r'[\w:]+', Name.Variable, '#pop'),
        ],
        'name': [
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*(::)?(?=\s*->)', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*::', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
            (r'[\w:]+', Name, '#pop'),
            (r'[A-Z_]+(?=\W)', Name.Constant, '#pop'),
            (r'(?=\W)', Text, '#pop'),
        ],
        'funcname': [
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*[!?]?', Name.Function),
            (r'\s+', Whitespace),
            # argument declaration
            (r'(\([$@%]*\))(\s*)', bygroups(Punctuation, Whitespace)),
            (r';', Punctuation, '#pop'),
            (r'.*?\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),
        ],
        'cb-string': [
            (r'\\[{}\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
            (r'\}', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^{}\\]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'rb-string': [
            (r'\\[()\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
            (r'\)', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^()]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'sb-string': [
            (r'\\[\[\]\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
            (r'\]', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^\[\]]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'lt-string': [
            (r'\\[<>\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
            (r'\>', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^<>]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'end-part': [
            (r'.+', Comment.Preproc, '#pop')
        ]
    }

    def analyse_text(text):
        if shebang_matches(text, r'perl'):
            return True

        result = 0

        if re.search(r'(?:my|our)\s+[$@%(]', text):
            result += 0.9

        if ':=' in text:
            # := is not valid Perl, but it appears in unicon, so we should
            # become less confident if we think we found Perl with :=
            result /= 2

        return result


class Perl6Lexer(ExtendedRegexLexer):
    """
    For Raku (a.k.a. Perl 6) source code.
    """

    name = 'Perl6'
    url = 'https://www.raku.org'
    aliases = ['perl6', 'pl6', 'raku']
    filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6',
                 '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod',
                 '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc']
    mimetypes = ['text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6']
    version_added = '2.0'
    flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL

    PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE = r"['\w:-]"

    PERL6_KEYWORDS = (
        #Phasers
        'BEGIN','CATCH','CHECK','CLOSE','CONTROL','DOC','END','ENTER','FIRST',
        'INIT','KEEP','LAST','LEAVE','NEXT','POST','PRE','QUIT','UNDO',
        #Keywords
        'anon','augment','but','class','constant','default','does','else',
        'elsif','enum','for','gather','given','grammar','has','if','import',
        'is','let','loop','made','make','method','module','multi','my','need',
        'orwith','our','proceed','proto','repeat','require','return',
        'return-rw','returns','role','rule','state','sub','submethod','subset',
        'succeed','supersede','token','try','unit','unless','until','use',
        'when','while','with','without',
        #Traits
        'export','native','repr','required','rw','symbol',
    )

    PERL6_BUILTINS = (
        'ACCEPTS','abs','abs2rel','absolute','accept','accessed','acos',
        'acosec','acosech','acosh','acotan','acotanh','acquire','act','action',
        'actions','add','add_attribute','add_enum_value','add_fallback',
        'add_method','add_parent','add_private_method','add_role','add_trustee',
        'adverb','after','all','allocate','allof','allowed','alternative-names',
        'annotations','antipair','antipairs','any','anyof','app_lifetime',
        'append','arch','archname','args','arity','Array','asec','asech','asin',
        'asinh','ASSIGN-KEY','ASSIGN-POS','assuming','ast','at','atan','atan2',
        'atanh','AT-KEY','atomic-assign','atomic-dec-fetch','atomic-fetch',
        'atomic-fetch-add','atomic-fetch-dec','atomic-fetch-inc',
        'atomic-fetch-sub','atomic-inc-fetch','AT-POS','attributes','auth',
        'await','backtrace','Bag','BagHash','bail-out','base','basename',
        'base-repeating','batch','BIND-KEY','BIND-POS','bind-stderr',
        'bind-stdin','bind-stdout','bind-udp','bits','bless','block','Bool',
        'bool-only','bounds','break','Bridge','broken','BUILD','build-date',
        'bytes','cache','callframe','calling-package','CALL-ME','callsame',
        'callwith','can','cancel','candidates','cando','can-ok','canonpath',
        'caps','caption','Capture','cas','catdir','categorize','categorize-list',
        'catfile','catpath','cause','ceiling','cglobal','changed','Channel',
        'chars','chdir','child','child-name','child-typename','chmod','chomp',
        'chop','chr','chrs','chunks','cis','classify','classify-list','cleanup',
        'clone','close','closed','close-stdin','cmp-ok','code','codes','collate',
        'column','comb','combinations','command','comment','compiler','Complex',
        'compose','compose_type','composer','condition','config',
        'configure_destroy','configure_type_checking','conj','connect',
        'constraints','construct','contains','contents','copy','cos','cosec',
        'cosech','cosh','cotan','cotanh','count','count-only','cpu-cores',
        'cpu-usage','CREATE','create_type','cross','cue','curdir','curupdir','d',
        'Date','DateTime','day','daycount','day-of-month','day-of-week',
        'day-of-year','days-in-month','declaration','decode','decoder','deepmap',
        'default','defined','DEFINITE','delayed','DELETE-KEY','DELETE-POS',
        'denominator','desc','DESTROY','destroyers','devnull','diag',
        'did-you-mean','die','dies-ok','dir','dirname','dir-sep','DISTROnames',
        'do','does','does-ok','done','done-testing','duckmap','dynamic','e',
        'eager','earlier','elems','emit','enclosing','encode','encoder',
        'encoding','end','ends-with','enum_from_value','enum_value_list',
        'enum_values','enums','eof','EVAL','eval-dies-ok','EVALFILE',
        'eval-lives-ok','exception','excludes-max','excludes-min','EXISTS-KEY',
        'EXISTS-POS','exit','exitcode','exp','expected','explicitly-manage',
        'expmod','extension','f','fail','fails-like','fc','feature','file',
        'filename','find_method','find_method_qualified','finish','first','flat',
        'flatmap','flip','floor','flunk','flush','fmt','format','formatter',
        'freeze','from','from-list','from-loop','from-posix','full',
        'full-barrier','get','get_value','getc','gist','got','grab','grabpairs',
        'grep','handle','handled','handles','hardware','has_accessor','Hash',
        'head','headers','hh-mm-ss','hidden','hides','hour','how','hyper','id',
        'illegal','im','in','indent','index','indices','indir','infinite',
        'infix','infix:<+>','infix:<->','install_method_cache','Instant',
        'instead','Int','int-bounds','interval','in-timezone','invalid-str',
        'invert','invocant','IO','IO::Notification.watch-path','is_trusted',
        'is_type','isa','is-absolute','isa-ok','is-approx','is-deeply',
        'is-hidden','is-initial-thread','is-int','is-lazy','is-leap-year',
        'isNaN','isnt','is-prime','is-relative','is-routine','is-setting',
        'is-win','item','iterator','join','keep','kept','KERNELnames','key',
        'keyof','keys','kill','kv','kxxv','l','lang','last','lastcall','later',
        'lazy','lc','leading','level','like','line','lines','link','List',
        'listen','live','lives-ok','local','lock','log','log10','lookup','lsb',
        'made','MAIN','make','Map','match','max','maxpairs','merge','message',
        'method','method_table','methods','migrate','min','minmax','minpairs',
        'minute','misplaced','Mix','MixHash','mkdir','mode','modified','month',
        'move','mro','msb','multi','multiness','my','name','named','named_names',
        'narrow','nativecast','native-descriptor','nativesizeof','new','new_type',
        'new-from-daycount','new-from-pairs','next','nextcallee','next-handle',
        'nextsame','nextwith','NFC','NFD','NFKC','NFKD','nl-in','nl-out',
        'nodemap','nok','none','norm','not','note','now','nude','Num',
        'numerator','Numeric','of','offset','offset-in-hours','offset-in-minutes',
        'ok','old','on-close','one','on-switch','open','opened','operation',
        'optional','ord','ords','orig','os-error','osname','out-buffer','pack',
        'package','package-kind','package-name','packages','pair','pairs',
        'pairup','parameter','params','parent','parent-name','parents','parse',
        'parse-base','parsefile','parse-names','parts','pass','path','path-sep',
        'payload','peer-host','peer-port','periods','perl','permutations','phaser',
        'pick','pickpairs','pid','placeholder','plan','plus','polar','poll',
        'polymod','pop','pos','positional','posix','postfix','postmatch',
        'precomp-ext','precomp-target','pred','prefix','prematch','prepend',
        'print','printf','print-nl','print-to','private','private_method_table',
        'proc','produce','Promise','prompt','protect','pull-one','push',
        'push-all','push-at-least','push-exactly','push-until-lazy','put',
        'qualifier-type','quit','r','race','radix','rand','range','Rat','raw',
        're','read','readchars','readonly','ready','Real','reallocate','reals',
        'reason','rebless','receive','recv','redispatcher','redo','reduce',
        'rel2abs','relative','release','rename','repeated','replacement',
        'report','reserved','resolve','restore','result','resume','rethrow',
        'reverse','right','rindex','rmdir','role','roles_to_compose','rolish',
        'roll','rootdir','roots','rotate','rotor','round','roundrobin',
        'routine-type','run','rwx','s','samecase','samemark','samewith','say',
        'schedule-on','scheduler','scope','sec','sech','second','seek','self',
        'send','Set','set_hidden','set_name','set_package','set_rw','set_value',
        'SetHash','set-instruments','setup_finalization','shape','share','shell',
        'shift','sibling','sigil','sign','signal','signals','signature','sin',
        'sinh','sink','sink-all','skip','skip-at-least','skip-at-least-pull-one',
        'skip-one','skip-rest','sleep','sleep-timer','sleep-until','Slip','slurp',
        'slurp-rest','slurpy','snap','snapper','so','socket-host','socket-port',
        'sort','source','source-package','spawn','SPEC','splice','split',
        'splitdir','splitpath','sprintf','spurt','sqrt','squish','srand','stable',
        'start','started','starts-with','status','stderr','stdout','Str',
        'sub_signature','subbuf','subbuf-rw','subname','subparse','subst',
        'subst-mutate','substr','substr-eq','substr-rw','subtest','succ','sum',
        'Supply','symlink','t','tail','take','take-rw','tan','tanh','tap',
        'target','target-name','tc','tclc','tell','then','throttle','throw',
        'throws-like','timezone','tmpdir','to','today','todo','toggle','to-posix',
        'total','trailing','trans','tree','trim','trim-leading','trim-trailing',
        'truncate','truncated-to','trusts','try_acquire','trying','twigil','type',
        'type_captures','typename','uc','udp','uncaught_handler','unimatch',
        'uniname','uninames','uniparse','uniprop','uniprops','unique','unival',
        'univals','unlike','unlink','unlock','unpack','unpolar','unshift',
        'unwrap','updir','USAGE','use-ok','utc','val','value','values','VAR',
        'variable','verbose-config','version','VMnames','volume','vow','w','wait',
        'warn','watch','watch-path','week','weekday-of-month','week-number',
        'week-year','WHAT','when','WHERE','WHEREFORE','WHICH','WHO',
        'whole-second','WHY','wordcase','words','workaround','wrap','write',
        'write-to','x','yada','year','yield','yyyy-mm-dd','z','zip','zip-latest',

    )

    PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES = (
        #Booleans
        'False','True',
        #Classes
        'Any','Array','Associative','AST','atomicint','Attribute','Backtrace',
        'Backtrace::Frame','Bag','Baggy','BagHash','Blob','Block','Bool','Buf',
        'Callable','CallFrame','Cancellation','Capture','CArray','Channel','Code',
        'compiler','Complex','ComplexStr','Cool','CurrentThreadScheduler',
        'Cursor','Date','Dateish','DateTime','Distro','Duration','Encoding',
        'Exception','Failure','FatRat','Grammar','Hash','HyperWhatever','Instant',
        'Int','int16','int32','int64','int8','IntStr','IO','IO::ArgFiles',
        'IO::CatHandle','IO::Handle','IO::Notification','IO::Path',
        'IO::Path::Cygwin','IO::Path::QNX','IO::Path::Unix','IO::Path::Win32',
        'IO::Pipe','IO::Socket','IO::Socket::Async','IO::Socket::INET','IO::Spec',
        'IO::Spec::Cygwin','IO::Spec::QNX','IO::Spec::Unix','IO::Spec::Win32',
        'IO::Special','Iterable','Iterator','Junction','Kernel','Label','List',
        'Lock','Lock::Async','long','longlong','Macro','Map','Match',
        'Metamodel::AttributeContainer','Metamodel::C3MRO','Metamodel::ClassHOW',
        'Metamodel::EnumHOW','Metamodel::Finalization','Metamodel::MethodContainer',
        'Metamodel::MROBasedMethodDispatch','Metamodel::MultipleInheritance',
        'Metamodel::Naming','Metamodel::Primitives','Metamodel::PrivateMethodContainer',
        'Metamodel::RoleContainer','Metamodel::Trusting','Method','Mix','MixHash',
        'Mixy','Mu','NFC','NFD','NFKC','NFKD','Nil','Num','num32','num64',
        'Numeric','NumStr','ObjAt','Order','Pair','Parameter','Perl','Pod::Block',
        'Pod::Block::Code','Pod::Block::Comment','Pod::Block::Declarator',
        'Pod::Block::Named','Pod::Block::Para','Pod::Block::Table','Pod::Heading',
        'Pod::Item','Pointer','Positional','PositionalBindFailover','Proc',
        'Proc::Async','Promise','Proxy','PseudoStash','QuantHash','Range','Rat',
        'Rational','RatStr','Real','Regex','Routine','Scalar','Scheduler',
        'Semaphore','Seq','Set','SetHash','Setty','Signature','size_t','Slip',
        'Stash','Str','StrDistance','Stringy','Sub','Submethod','Supplier',
        'Supplier::Preserving','Supply','Systemic','Tap','Telemetry',
        'Telemetry::Instrument::Thread','Telemetry::Instrument::Usage',
        'Telemetry::Period','Telemetry::Sampler','Thread','ThreadPoolScheduler',
        'UInt','uint16','uint32','uint64','uint8','Uni','utf8','Variable',
        'Version','VM','Whatever','WhateverCode','WrapHandle'
    )

    PERL6_OPERATORS = (
        'X', 'Z', 'after', 'also', 'and', 'andthen', 'before', 'cmp', 'div',
        'eq', 'eqv', 'extra', 'ff', 'fff', 'ge', 'gt', 'le', 'leg', 'lt', 'm',
        'mm', 'mod', 'ne', 'or', 'orelse', 'rx', 's', 'tr', 'x', 'xor', 'xx',
        '++', '--', '**', '!', '+', '-', '~', '?', '|', '||', '+^', '~^', '?^',
        '^', '*', '/', '%', '%%', '+&', '+<', '+>', '~&', '~<', '~>', '?&',
        'gcd', 'lcm', '+', '-', '+|', '+^', '~|', '~^', '?|', '?^',
        '~', '&', '^', 'but', 'does', '<=>', '..', '..^', '^..', '^..^',
        '!=', '==', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', '~~', '===', '!eqv',
        '&&', '||', '^^', '//', 'min', 'max', '??', '!!', 'ff', 'fff', 'so',
        'not', '<==', '==>', '<<==', '==>>','unicmp',
    )

    # Perl 6 has a *lot* of possible bracketing characters
    # this list was lifted from STD.pm6 (https://github.com/perl6/std)
    PERL6_BRACKETS = {
        '\u0028': '\u0029', '\u003c': '\u003e', '\u005b': '\u005d',
        '\u007b': '\u007d', '\u00ab': '\u00bb', '\u0f3a': '\u0f3b',
        '\u0f3c': '\u0f3d', '\u169b': '\u169c', '\u2018': '\u2019',
        '\u201a': '\u2019', '\u201b': '\u2019', '\u201c': '\u201d',
        '\u201e': '\u201d', '\u201f': '\u201d', '\u2039': '\u203a',
        '\u2045': '\u2046', '\u207d': '\u207e', '\u208d': '\u208e',
        '\u2208': '\u220b', '\u2209': '\u220c', '\u220a': '\u220d',
        '\u2215': '\u29f5', '\u223c': '\u223d', '\u2243': '\u22cd',
        '\u2252': '\u2253', '\u2254': '\u2255', '\u2264': '\u2265',
        '\u2266': '\u2267', '\u2268': '\u2269', '\u226a': '\u226b',
        '\u226e': '\u226f', '\u2270': '\u2271', '\u2272': '\u2273',
        '\u2274': '\u2275', '\u2276': '\u2277', '\u2278': '\u2279',
        '\u227a': '\u227b', '\u227c': '\u227d', '\u227e': '\u227f',
        '\u2280': '\u2281', '\u2282': '\u2283', '\u2284': '\u2285',
        '\u2286': '\u2287', '\u2288': '\u2289', '\u228a': '\u228b',
        '\u228f': '\u2290', '\u2291': '\u2292', '\u2298': '\u29b8',
        '\u22a2': '\u22a3', '\u22a6': '\u2ade', '\u22a8': '\u2ae4',
        '\u22a9': '\u2ae3', '\u22ab': '\u2ae5', '\u22b0': '\u22b1',
        '\u22b2': '\u22b3', '\u22b4': '\u22b5', '\u22b6': '\u22b7',
        '\u22c9': '\u22ca', '\u22cb': '\u22cc', '\u22d0': '\u22d1',
        '\u22d6': '\u22d7', '\u22d8': '\u22d9', '\u22da': '\u22db',
        '\u22dc': '\u22dd', '\u22de': '\u22df', '\u22e0': '\u22e1',
        '\u22e2': '\u22e3', '\u22e4': '\u22e5', '\u22e6': '\u22e7',
        '\u22e8': '\u22e9', '\u22ea': '\u22eb', '\u22ec': '\u22ed',
        '\u22f0': '\u22f1', '\u22f2': '\u22fa', '\u22f3': '\u22fb',
        '\u22f4': '\u22fc', '\u22f6': '\u22fd', '\u22f7': '\u22fe',
        '\u2308': '\u2309', '\u230a': '\u230b', '\u2329': '\u232a',
        '\u23b4': '\u23b5', '\u2768': '\u2769', '\u276a': '\u276b',
        '\u276c': '\u276d', '\u276e': '\u276f', '\u2770': '\u2771',
        '\u2772': '\u2773', '\u2774': '\u2775', '\u27c3': '\u27c4',
        '\u27c5': '\u27c6', '\u27d5': '\u27d6', '\u27dd': '\u27de',
        '\u27e2': '\u27e3', '\u27e4': '\u27e5', '\u27e6': '\u27e7',
        '\u27e8': '\u27e9', '\u27ea': '\u27eb', '\u2983': '\u2984',
        '\u2985': '\u2986', '\u2987': '\u2988', '\u2989': '\u298a',
        '\u298b': '\u298c', '\u298d': '\u298e', '\u298f': '\u2990',
        '\u2991': '\u2992', '\u2993': '\u2994', '\u2995': '\u2996',
        '\u2997': '\u2998', '\u29c0': '\u29c1', '\u29c4': '\u29c5',
        '\u29cf': '\u29d0', '\u29d1': '\u29d2', '\u29d4': '\u29d5',
        '\u29d8': '\u29d9', '\u29da': '\u29db', '\u29f8': '\u29f9',
        '\u29fc': '\u29fd', '\u2a2b': '\u2a2c', '\u2a2d': '\u2a2e',
        '\u2a34': '\u2a35', '\u2a3c': '\u2a3d', '\u2a64': '\u2a65',
        '\u2a79': '\u2a7a', '\u2a7d': '\u2a7e', '\u2a7f': '\u2a80',
        '\u2a81': '\u2a82', '\u2a83': '\u2a84', '\u2a8b': '\u2a8c',
        '\u2a91': '\u2a92', '\u2a93': '\u2a94', '\u2a95': '\u2a96',
        '\u2a97': '\u2a98', '\u2a99': '\u2a9a', '\u2a9b': '\u2a9c',
        '\u2aa1': '\u2aa2', '\u2aa6': '\u2aa7', '\u2aa8': '\u2aa9',
        '\u2aaa': '\u2aab', '\u2aac': '\u2aad', '\u2aaf': '\u2ab0',
        '\u2ab3': '\u2ab4', '\u2abb': '\u2abc', '\u2abd': '\u2abe',
        '\u2abf': '\u2ac0', '\u2ac1': '\u2ac2', '\u2ac3': '\u2ac4',
        '\u2ac5': '\u2ac6', '\u2acd': '\u2ace', '\u2acf': '\u2ad0',
        '\u2ad1': '\u2ad2', '\u2ad3': '\u2ad4', '\u2ad5': '\u2ad6',
        '\u2aec': '\u2aed', '\u2af7': '\u2af8', '\u2af9': '\u2afa',
        '\u2e02': '\u2e03', '\u2e04': '\u2e05', '\u2e09': '\u2e0a',
        '\u2e0c': '\u2e0d', '\u2e1c': '\u2e1d', '\u2e20': '\u2e21',
        '\u3008': '\u3009', '\u300a': '\u300b', '\u300c': '\u300d',
        '\u300e': '\u300f', '\u3010': '\u3011', '\u3014': '\u3015',
        '\u3016': '\u3017', '\u3018': '\u3019', '\u301a': '\u301b',
        '\u301d': '\u301e', '\ufd3e': '\ufd3f', '\ufe17': '\ufe18',
        '\ufe35': '\ufe36', '\ufe37': '\ufe38', '\ufe39': '\ufe3a',
        '\ufe3b': '\ufe3c', '\ufe3d': '\ufe3e', '\ufe3f': '\ufe40',
        '\ufe41': '\ufe42', '\ufe43': '\ufe44', '\ufe47': '\ufe48',
        '\ufe59': '\ufe5a', '\ufe5b': '\ufe5c', '\ufe5d': '\ufe5e',
        '\uff08': '\uff09', '\uff1c': '\uff1e', '\uff3b': '\uff3d',
        '\uff5b': '\uff5d', '\uff5f': '\uff60', '\uff62': '\uff63',
    }

    def _build_word_match(words, boundary_regex_fragment=None, prefix='', suffix=''):
        if boundary_regex_fragment is None:
            return r'\b(' + prefix + r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + \
                suffix + r')\b'
        else:
            return r'(?<!' + boundary_regex_fragment + r')' + prefix + r'(' + \
                r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + r')' + suffix + r'(?!' + \
                boundary_regex_fragment + r')'

    def brackets_callback(token_class):
        def callback(lexer, match, context):
            groups = match.groupdict()
            opening_chars = groups['delimiter']
            n_chars = len(opening_chars)
            adverbs = groups.get('adverbs')

            closer = Perl6Lexer.PERL6_BRACKETS.get(opening_chars[0])
            text = context.text

            if closer is None:  # it's not a mirrored character, which means we
                                # just need to look for the next occurrence

                end_pos = text.find(opening_chars, match.start('delimiter') + n_chars)
            else:   # we need to look for the corresponding closing character,
                    # keep nesting in mind
                closing_chars = closer * n_chars
                nesting_level = 1

                search_pos = match.start('delimiter')

                while nesting_level > 0:
                    next_open_pos = text.find(opening_chars, search_pos + n_chars)
                    next_close_pos = text.find(closing_chars, search_pos + n_chars)

                    if next_close_pos == -1:
                        next_close_pos = len(text)
                        nesting_level = 0
                    elif next_open_pos != -1 and next_open_pos < next_close_pos:
                        nesting_level += 1
                        search_pos = next_open_pos
                    else:  # next_close_pos < next_open_pos
                        nesting_level -= 1
                        search_pos = next_close_pos

                end_pos = next_close_pos

            if end_pos < 0:     # if we didn't find a closer, just highlight the
                                # rest of the text in this class
                end_pos = len(text)

            if adverbs is not None and re.search(r':to\b', adverbs):
                heredoc_terminator = text[match.start('delimiter') + n_chars:end_pos]
                end_heredoc = re.search(r'^\s*' + re.escape(heredoc_terminator) +
                                        r'\s*$', text[end_pos:], re.MULTILINE)

                if end_heredoc:
                    end_pos += end_heredoc.end()
                else:
                    end_pos = len(text)

            yield match.start(), token_class, text[match.start():end_pos + n_chars]
            context.pos = end_pos + n_chars

        return callback

    def opening_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
        stack = context.stack

        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()

        # if we encounter an opening brace and we're one level
        # below a token state, it means we need to increment
        # the nesting level for braces so we know later when
        # we should return to the token rules.
        if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
            context.perl6_token_nesting_level += 1

    def closing_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
        stack = context.stack

        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()

        # if we encounter a free closing brace and we're one level
        # below a token state, it means we need to check the nesting
        # level to see if we need to return to the token state.
        if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
            context.perl6_token_nesting_level -= 1
            if context.perl6_token_nesting_level == 0:
                stack.pop()

    def embedded_perl6_callback(lexer, match, context):
        context.perl6_token_nesting_level = 1
        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()
        context.stack.append('root')

    # If you're modifying these rules, be careful if you need to process '{' or '}'
    # characters. We have special logic for processing these characters (due to the fact
    # that you can nest Perl 6 code in regex blocks), so if you need to process one of
    # them, make sure you also process the corresponding one!
    tokens = {
        'common': [
            (r'#[`|=](?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + r'])(?P=first_char)*)',
             brackets_callback(Comment.Multiline)),
            (r'#[^\n]*$', Comment.Single),
            (r'^(\s*)=begin\s+(\w+)\b.*?^\1=end\s+\2', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'^(\s*)=for.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'^=.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'(regex|token|rule)(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+:sym)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'token-sym-brackets'),
            (r'(regex|token|rule)(?!' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + r')(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+)?',
             bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'pre-token'),
            # deal with a special case in the Perl 6 grammar (role q { ... })
            (r'(role)(\s+)(q)(\s*)', bygroups(Keyword, Whitespace, Name, Whitespace)),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_KEYWORDS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Keyword),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE, suffix='(?::[UD])?'),
             Name.Builtin),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTINS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Name.Builtin),
            # copied from PerlLexer
            (r'[$@%&][.^:?=!~]?' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
             Name.Variable),
            (r'\$[!/](?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'::\?\w+', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'[$@%&]\*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
             Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'\$(?:<.*?>)+', Name.Variable),
            (r'(?:q|qq|Q)[a-zA-Z]?\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^0-9a-zA-Z:\s])'
             r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String)),
            # copied from PerlLexer
            (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
            (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
            (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
            (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
             Number.Float),
            (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
            (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
            (r'(?<=~~)\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
            (r'(?<=[=(,])\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
            (r'm\w+(?=\()', Name),
            (r'(?:m|ms|rx)\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^\w:\s])'
             r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String.Regex)),
            (r'(?:s|ss|tr)\s*(?::[\w\s:]+)?\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/',
             String.Regex),
            (r'<[^\s=].*?\S>', String),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_OPERATORS), Operator),
            (r'\w' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '*', Name),
            (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
            (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
        ],
        'root': [
            include('common'),
            (r'\{', opening_brace_callback),
            (r'\}', closing_brace_callback),
            (r'.+?', Text),
        ],
        'pre-token': [
            include('common'),
            (r'\{', Text, ('#pop', 'token')),
            (r'.+?', Text),
        ],
        'token-sym-brackets': [
            (r'(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + '])(?P=first_char)*)',
             brackets_callback(Name), ('#pop', 'pre-token')),
            default(('#pop', 'pre-token')),
        ],
        'token': [
            (r'\}', Text, '#pop'),
            (r'(?<=:)(?:my|our|state|constant|temp|let).*?;', using(this)),
            # make sure that quotes in character classes aren't treated as strings
            (r'<(?:[-!?+.]\s*)?\[.*?\]>', String.Regex),
            # make sure that '#' characters in quotes aren't treated as comments
            (r"(?<!\\)'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String.Regex),
            (r'(?<!\\)"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String.Regex),
            (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
            (r'\{', embedded_perl6_callback),
            ('.+?', String.Regex),
        ],
    }

    def analyse_text(text):
        def strip_pod(lines):
            in_pod = False
            stripped_lines = []

            for line in lines:
                if re.match(r'^=(?:end|cut)', line):
                    in_pod = False
                elif re.match(r'^=\w+', line):
                    in_pod = True
                elif not in_pod:
                    stripped_lines.append(line)

            return stripped_lines

        # XXX handle block comments
        lines = text.splitlines()
        lines = strip_pod(lines)
        text = '\n'.join(lines)

        if shebang_matches(text, r'perl6|rakudo|niecza|pugs'):
            return True

        saw_perl_decl = False
        rating = False

        # check for my/our/has declarations
        if re.search(r"(?:my|our|has)\s+(?:" + Perl6Lexer.PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE +
                     r"+\s+)?[$@%&(]", text):
            rating = 0.8
            saw_perl_decl = True

        for line in lines:
            line = re.sub('#.*', '', line)
            if re.match(r'^\s*$', line):
                continue

            # match v6; use v6; use v6.0; use v6.0.0;
            if re.match(r'^\s*(?:use\s+)?v6(?:\.\d(?:\.\d)?)?;', line):
                return True
            # match class, module, role, enum, grammar declarations
            class_decl = re.match(r'^\s*(?:(?P<scope>my|our)\s+)?(?:module|class|role|enum|grammar)', line)
            if class_decl:
                if saw_perl_decl or class_decl.group('scope') is not None:
                    return True
                rating = 0.05
                continue
            break

        if ':=' in text:
            # Same logic as above for PerlLexer
            rating /= 2

        return rating

    def __init__(self, **options):
        super().__init__(**options)
        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'utf-8')
